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音频录制:MediaRecord

在第 57 节我们使用 MediaPlayer 实现了一个 mp3 播放器,除了播放 Android 还提供了 MediaRecorder 用于录音。Android 设备基本都会有一个麦克风,通过 MediaRecorder 可以打开麦克风进行语音采集,这一节我们就来学习如何在 Android 系统上实现一个录音功能。

1. MediaRecorder 常用接口

  • setAudioSource():

设置录制的音频源

  • setVideoSource():

设置录制的视频源

  • setOutputFormat():

设置输出格式

  • setAudioEncoder():

设置音频编码器

  • setOutputFile():

配置录制的音频存储文件路径

  • stop():

停止录制

  • release():

释放 MediaRecorder 实例,回收其所占资源

2. MediaRecorder 的使用步骤

  1. 创建 MediaRecorder

直接通过无参构造器创建即可:

MediaRecorder myAudioRecorder = new MediaRecorder();

  1. 配置录音参数

创建好之后,再对 MediaRecorder 实例进行参数配置,配置项有很多,一般需要设置音频输入源、音频输出格式、音频编码方式以及输出文件目录,如下:

myAudioRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
myAudioRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);
myAudioRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.AMR_NB);
myAudioRecorder.setOutputFile(outputFile);

  1. 开始录音

在确定了录音配置和输出目录之后,我们就可以调用一下两个方法开始录音了:

myAudioRecorder.prepare();
myAudioRecorder.start();

  1. 停止录音

录音结束调用stop()停止录制,如果不再使用还要记得调用release()释放 MediaRecorder 所占用的资源

3. 录音示例

本节使用 MediaRecorder 实现一个录音机:

3.1 MediaRecorder 控制逻辑

作为一个完整的录音功能,当然在录音结束之后也得要能回放录音。所以整个的控制要分为录音控制和播放控制,我们按照上一小节讲述的步骤用 MediaRecorder 完成录音,然后调用 MediaPlayer 来完成录音回放:


package com.emercy.myapplication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.media.MediaRecorder;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

import static android.Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;
import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

Button buttonStart, buttonStop, buttonPlayLastRecordAudio,
buttonStopPlayingRecording;
String AudioSavePathInDevice = null;
MediaRecorder mediaRecorder;
Random random;
String RandomAudioFileName = "emercy";
public static final int RequestPermissionCode = 1;
MediaPlayer mediaPlayer;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

buttonStart = findViewById(R.id.button);
buttonStop = findViewById(R.id.button2);
buttonPlayLastRecordAudio = findViewById(R.id.button3);
buttonStopPlayingRecording = findViewById(R.id.button4);

buttonStop.setEnabled(false);
buttonPlayLastRecordAudio.setEnabled(false);
buttonStopPlayingRecording.setEnabled(false);

random = new Random();

buttonStart.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {

if (checkPermission()) {

AudioSavePathInDevice =
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/" +
CreateRandomAudioFileName(5) + "AudioRecording.3gp";

MediaRecorderReady();

try {
mediaRecorder.prepare();
mediaRecorder.start();
} catch (IllegalStateException | IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

buttonStart.setEnabled(false);
buttonStop.setEnabled(true);

Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Recording started",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} else {
requestPermission();
}

}
});

buttonStop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
mediaRecorder.stop();
buttonStop.setEnabled(false);
buttonPlayLastRecordAudio.setEnabled(true);
buttonStart.setEnabled(true);
buttonStopPlayingRecording.setEnabled(false);

Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Recording Completed", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});

buttonPlayLastRecordAudio.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) throws IllegalArgumentException,
SecurityException, IllegalStateException {

buttonStop.setEnabled(false);
buttonStart.setEnabled(false);
buttonStopPlayingRecording.setEnabled(true);

mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
try {
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(AudioSavePathInDevice);
mediaPlayer.prepare();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

mediaPlayer.start();
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "录音完毕", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});

buttonStopPlayingRecording.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
buttonStop.setEnabled(false);
buttonStart.setEnabled(true);
buttonStopPlayingRecording.setEnabled(false);
buttonPlayLastRecordAudio.setEnabled(true);

if (mediaPlayer != null) {
mediaPlayer.stop();
mediaPlayer.release();
MediaRecorderReady();
}
}
});

}

public void MediaRecorderReady() {
mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
mediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);
mediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.AMR_NB);
mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(AudioSavePathInDevice);
}

public String CreateRandomAudioFileName(int string) {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(string);
int i = 0;
while (i < string) {
stringBuilder.append(RandomAudioFileName.
charAt(random.nextInt(RandomAudioFileName.length())));

i++;
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
}

private void requestPermission() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
requestPermissions(new String[]{WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, RECORD_AUDIO}, RequestPermissionCode);
}
}

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
if (requestCode == RequestPermissionCode) {
if (grantResults.length > 0) {
boolean StoragePermission = grantResults[0] ==
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
boolean RecordPermission = grantResults[1] ==
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;

if (StoragePermission && RecordPermission) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Permission Granted", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Permission Denied", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}
}

public boolean checkPermission() {
int storagePermission = 0;
int recordPermission = 0;
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
storagePermission = checkSelfPermission(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
recordPermission = checkSelfPermission(RECORD_AUDIO);
}

return storagePermission == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
recordPermission == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
}
}

和拍照一样,录音也需要获取权限(注意 Android 6.0 以上还需要动态获取权限),除此之外只需要按照步骤进行录音就可以实现功能了。

3.2 录音布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout\_width="match\_parent"
android:layout\_height="match\_parent"
android:padding="30dp">

<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout\_width="wrap\_content"
android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"
android:layout\_alignParentStart="true"
android:layout\_marginTop="37dp"
android:text="录音" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout\_width="wrap\_content"
android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"
android:layout\_alignTop="@+id/button"
android:layout\_centerHorizontal="true"
android:text="停止" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button3"
android:layout\_width="wrap\_content"
android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"
android:layout\_alignTop="@+id/button2"
android:layout\_alignParentEnd="true"
android:layout\_alignParentRight="true"
android:text="回放" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button4"
android:layout\_width="wrap\_content"
android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"
android:layout\_below="@+id/button2"
android:layout\_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout\_marginTop="10dp"
android:text="结束回放" />
</RelativeLayout>

对于两大功能:“录音”和“回放”,各提供两个按键控制,分别对应开始和结束。

最终编译效果:

mediarecorder

4. 小结

MediaRecorder 很多时候都是配合 MediaPlayer 或者其他播放器一起使用,而两者之间也有很多相似之处。当然本节提到的只是最基本的录音及音频输出功能,如果需要进一步研究音视频相关的内容就得深入到底层编解码原理。不过对于大多数非专业音视频制作 App 而言已经足够。